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<title><![CDATA[NTDTV - Science & Technology]]></title>
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<title><![CDATA[19th Century Man With Impaled Skull Reassessed By Researchers]]></title>
<pubDate>Tue, 22 May 2012 17:09:24 GMT EST</pubDate>
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<article><![CDATA[<div>Researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles, believe that the 19th century&rsquo;s Phineas Gage had received much more brain damage than previously thought, after a 44 inch long railway spike was shot through his head.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Jack Van Horn of UCLA&rsquo;s Laboratory of Neuroimaging led the research project. They are part of the Human Connectome Project, which seeks to comprehensively map the human brain&rsquo;s neural connections. That led his team to examine the story of Phineas Gage.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Over a century and a half after the event, the medical case is taught to neuroscience and psychology students everywhere, a curious story of the relation between the brain and how its specific regions may affect personality.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>In 1848, after a blasting powder explosion, a tamping rod was shot through Gage&rsquo;s head, entering underneath the left eye and going through the top of his head. The iron rod was over an inch in diameter.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Remarkably, the 25-year-old construction foreman would survive the accident, but the formerly affable young man experienced a drastic personality change.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>[UCLA Assistant Professor of Neurology John Van Horn]:&nbsp;</div>
<div>&quot;He was so different after this injury. He was profane and irresponsible and a number of other adjectives to describe him, that he was no longer who he was before the injury.&quot;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>This case brought forth is the notion that behavior and personality was linked to specific regions of the brain.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Researchers found CT scans of Gage&rsquo;s cranium and compared it to the brains of men with similar-sized heads. Digitally simulating the accident, the team assessed the damage to the brain.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>[John Van Horn]:&nbsp;</div>
<div>&quot;The white matter connects and conveys the signals between the different brain areas. And while he may have cortical damage, and that's very important for cognition and executive functions, those things that help us maintain working memory through cognitive processes, those brain areas also connect through a very diffuse set of pathways that connect those frontal lobes and those areas that were damaged to the rest of the brain, indicating that the potential damage was much more widespread than people had previously believed.&quot;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>They determined that four percent of the brain&rsquo;s cortex and eleven percent of neural connections were damaged.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>[John Van Horn]:</div>
<div>&quot;So understanding the pattern and connectivity of the brain can help us understand and develop cures for things like Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, as well as other degenerative disorders of the brain.&quot;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>]]></article>
<description><![CDATA[Researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles, believe that the 19th century’s Phineas Gage had received much more brain damage than previously thought, after a 44 inch long railway spike was shot through his head.]]></description>
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<keywords><![CDATA[Science,technology,Phineas Gage,Jack Van Horn,UCLA,Human Connectome,Neurology,brain damage]]></keywords>
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<title><![CDATA['Good' Cholesterol Not That Good, Study Finds]]></title>
<pubDate>Thu, 17 May 2012 16:06:30 GMT EST</pubDate>
<guid  isPermaLink="true">http://english.ntdtv.com/ntdtv_en/ns_life/2012-05-17/-good-cholesterol-not-that-good-study-finds.html</guid>
<link>http://english.ntdtv.com/ntdtv_en/ns_life/2012-05-17/-good-cholesterol-not-that-good-study-finds.html</link>
<article><![CDATA[<p>New research suggest that high-density lipoprotein (HDL), colloquially known as &ldquo;good&quot; cholesterol, may do little to reduce the risk of heart attacks, unlike common belief.</p>
<div>On their website, the American <a href="http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Cholesterol/AboutCholesterol/Good-vs-Bad-Cholesterol_UCM_305561_Article.jsp">Heart Association</a> states that &ldquo;HDL cholesterol is known as 'good' cholesterol, because high levels of HDL seem to protect against heart attack. Low levels of HDL (less than 40 mg/dL) also increase the risk of heart disease.&rdquo;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Pharmaceutical companies have attempted to create drugs to artificially increase HDL.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>However, &ldquo;[the results] challenge the concept that raising of plasma HDL cholesterol will uniformly translate into reductions in risk of myocardial infarction,&rdquo; the study states.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>The study, published Thursday in The Lancet, examined about 170,000 people. They compared those with HDL-raising genes and those lacking it. The conclusion stated that individuals carrying genes which raised HDL levels had no difference in heart attack risk compared to those without it.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Despite these findings, HDL still remains a good indicator for the potential of heart diseases.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>&ldquo;We know that HDL is a great biomarker -- it's quite useful in identifying individuals at higher risk of having a heart attack in the future,&quot; senior author Sekar Kathiresan, an associate professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, told Science Daily.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>The study, performed by scientists from the Board Institute and Massachusetts General Hospital, received funding from the US National Institutes of Health, The Wellcome Trust, European Union, British Heart Foundation, and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research.</div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>]]></article>
<description><![CDATA[New research suggest that high-density lipoprotein (HDL), colloquially known as “good" cholesterol, may do little to reduce the risk of heart attacks, unlike common belief.]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[‘T-Ray’ Wi-Fi Band 20x Faster]]></title>
<pubDate>Wed, 16 May 2012 17:09:07 GMT EST</pubDate>
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<link>http://english.ntdtv.com/ntdtv_en/science_technology/2012-05-16/-t-ray-wi-fi-band-20x-faster.html</link>
<article><![CDATA[<p>Researchers from the Tokyo Institute of Technology have created hardware enabling the fastest wireless data transmission rates in the terahertz band.</p>
<div>&nbsp;The Japanese researchers were able to transfer data at 3 Gb/s at 542 gigahertz (GHz), which is about twenty times faster than current wi-fi connections.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>The research, published in <a href="http://digital-library.theiet.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&amp;id=ELLEAK000048000010000582000001&amp;idtype=cvips&amp;gifs=yes&amp;ref=no">Electronics Letters</a>, focused on &ldquo;T-ray&rdquo; bands, which is the electromagnetic spectrum between 300 GHz and 3 THz. Engineers run current through resonant tunnelling diodes, a 1 mm2 oscillating device, which in turn can produce signals in the terahertz range.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>The T-ray bands, ranging from microwaves to far-infrared, are currently unregulated by the Federal Communications Commission. The FCC has only allocated frequencies between 9 kHz and 275 GHz.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Terahertz band wi-fi has a large speed upside. The 3 Gb/s achieved set a wi-fi connection record and, in theory, the band could support up to 100 Gb/s. However, such wi-fi connections would be limited to a distance of about 10m.</div>]]></article>
<description><![CDATA[Researchers from the Tokyo Institute of Technology have created hardware enabling the fastest wireless data transmission rates in the terahertz band.]]></description>
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<keywords><![CDATA[tokyo institute of technology, wireless data transmission, wifi, t-ray, technology]]></keywords>
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<title><![CDATA['Ring of Fire' Eclipse, From China to US on May 20]]></title>
<pubDate>Tue, 15 May 2012 14:58:45 GMT EST</pubDate>
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<link>http://english.ntdtv.com/ntdtv_en/science_technology/2012-05-15/-Ring-of-Fire-Eclipse-From-China-to-US-on-May-20.html</link>
<article><![CDATA[<div>On May 20th, an annular eclipse will be visible along a path stretching from China to the United States. It will be the first such eclipse to be visible from the US in almost 18 years.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>An annular eclipse is formed when the entire moon passes between the sun and the earth, casting a shadow on our planet. However, as the moon will be near its apogee, it will not cover the entire sun as in the case of a total eclipse. Instead, it will seemingly form a &ldquo;ring of fire&rdquo; as the moon blocks out the center of the sun, leaving only the outer edge of the star visible.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/OH/OHfigures/OH2012-Fig01.pdf">The width of the path of annularity</a>, or where the ring of fire will be visible, ranges from about 150 to 185 miles across, and will travel nearly 8500 miles of the northern hemisphere.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>A partial solar eclipse can still be viewed for those outside of the path of annularity. Much of the US, Canada, and East Asia will be able to see partial phases sometime between 8:56pm UTC and 2:49am UTC. The east coast of the US will not be afforded this chance, however, as the sun will set beforehand.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>The eclipse will first be visible in southern China at 10:06 pm UTC (6:06 am May 21 local time). Onlookers in Guangzhou will be among the first to view it, as the city lies about ten miles north of the central line.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>It will head east, over Taipei, and toward the southern ends of Japan. The annularity will be visible in Tokyo for 5 minutes beginning at 10:32 pm UTC (6:32 am May 21 local time).</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>The path will then cross the Pacific Ocean, until making landfall on the western coast of the US. The central line will pass nearby Redding, CA, a mere 18 miles away. The northern Californian town will experience 4 and a half minutes of annular shadow at 1:26 am UTC (7:26 p.m. local time).</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Continuing east past Albuquerque, NM (1:34 UT, 8:34 p.m. local time), the annular eclipse will last be visible over Texas at 1:39 am UTC.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/JSEX/JSEX-index.html">NASA&rsquo;s JavaScript Solar Eclipse Explorer</a>&nbsp;can be used to calculate the eclipse&rsquo;s visibility in your locality.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Be careful when viewing the eclipse; looking directly at the sun can cause eye damage. Instructions for observing solar eclipses safely can be found at <a target="_blank" href="http://www.mreclipse.com/Totality2/TotalityCh11.html">www.mreclipse.com</a>.</div>]]></article>
<description><![CDATA[On May 20th, an annular eclipse will be visible along a path stretching from China to the United States. It will be the first such eclipse to be visible from the US in almost 18 years.]]></description>
<image><![CDATA[http://english.ntdtv.com/files/Content/Solar_eclipse_1999_4_NR068120.jpg]]></image>
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<title><![CDATA[Light-Powered Eye Implant Offers Hope Against Blindness]]></title>
<pubDate>Tue, 15 May 2012 09:52:15 GMT EST</pubDate>
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<link>http://english.ntdtv.com/ntdtv_en/science_technology/2012-05-15/Light-Powered-Eye-Implant-Offers-Hope-Against-Blindness.html</link>
<article><![CDATA[<div>A team of researchers at Stanford University invents a photovoltaic retinal implant, potentially enabling some suffering from blindness to see.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>The new invention, detailed in <a target="_blank" href="http://www.nature.com/nphoton/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nphoton.2012.104.html">Nature Photonics</a>, uses a pair of glasses fitted with a video camera to record visual information.&nbsp;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>This data would then be relayed to the implant via low-intensity infrared light, where it would be converted into an electrical signal, sent to the brain to convey the image.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>The researchers tested their device by removing the destroyed photoreceptors of dead rats.&nbsp;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Replaced with the photovoltaic implant in the retina, infrared light was then sent the chips, which successfully activated neurons.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Electronic implants, developed in the past few years, have been able to restore sight to some people suffering from a form of blindness.&nbsp;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>These artificial retina can replace damaged photoreceptors, which can be caused by various diseases.&nbsp;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>The implants are then wired to the optic nerve, producing a sense similar to real sight.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>However, the implants require an external power source.&nbsp;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>That would generally involve a much more complicated process than if the device would be implanted alone, requiring wiring from the photoreceptor to the power supply.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>In addition, these previous prostheses had relatively low resolution. The new &quot;solar panel&quot; eye pixels are much thinner - 70 micrometers wide - and can be activated individually, unlike older implants.&nbsp;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>This could potentially increase the resolution.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>The device has been shown to work with some success in live rats.&nbsp;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>It has yet to be tested on humans, but researchers are hopeful for successful results.</div>]]></article>
<description><![CDATA[A team of researchers at Stanford University invents a photovoltaic retinal implant, potentially enabling some suffering from blindness to see.]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[Drug Dispensing Robot Introduced at Israeli Hospital ]]></title>
<pubDate>Fri, 11 May 2012 10:09:17 GMT EST</pubDate>
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<link>http://english.ntdtv.com/ntdtv_en/science_technology/2012-05-11/drug-dispensing-robot-introduced-at-israeli-hospital-.html</link>
<article><![CDATA[<div>A futuristic robot that dispenses pharmaceutical drugs?</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Well, at a hospital in Israel, that future is now.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>This Israeli hospital has incorporated into its staff a smart robot that administers drugs to patients according to computerized prescriptions.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>[Dr. Eyal Schwartzberg, Pharmacy Services Manager]:&nbsp;</div>
<div>&ldquo;It is a fresh look at the organizational concepts of hospitals, a transition from drugs sent in stocks to various departments, towards distribution of drugs on an individual basis, a very personal medical practice&hellip;This robot helps us minimize errors in drugs prescription and distribution, especially in the pharmaceutical aspect, but also the medical and nursing aspects. It all works nicely together.&rdquo;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>The robot will replace nurses in issuing drugs, and can prevent errors derived from unclear handwriting, fatigue or just lack of attention.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>The robot assumes the responsibility of dispensing drugs, and by doing so assists nurses who are already very busy in attending to patients.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>[Dr. Eyal Schwartzberg, Pharmacy Services Manager]:</div>
<div>&ldquo;This robot is currently receiving the patient's demographic information. It knows the patient&rsquo;s age, and where they are staying at the hospital. It knows all about the patients&rsquo; background as long as their department is defined. The robot can also interface with other hospital systems, such as the lab system, and receive lab results that might affect the administration of drugs, and of course information about the patients&rsquo; sensitivities. It all goes into the robot&rsquo;s system, and it can perform a clinical examination based on the patient&rsquo;s situation.&rdquo;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>If a robot is such a good worker, and can perform so many tasks &ndash; can it replace humans?</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>[Dr. Eyal Schwartzberg, Pharmacy Services Manager]:&nbsp;</div>
<div>&ldquo;I don&rsquo;t think we are there yet. I think that maybe a hundred or two hundred years from now there will be systems which we might call adaptive, that have a certain level of artificial intelligence. Maybe then they will replace us, but human intervention will always be necessary&hellip;On a major scale I can&rsquo;t see a situation in which humans are completely replaced, not to mention the fact that modern medicine is only becoming more and more complex.&rdquo;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>So while this robot might be able to work tirelessly and with minimal errors, there will always be a need for the human touch in medicine.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Reporter:Israela Yablonka, &nbsp;Photographer:Anat Markram</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<p>NTD, Israel&nbsp;</p>]]></article>
<description><![CDATA[This Israeli hospital has incorporated into its staff a smart robot that administers drugs to patients according to computerized prescriptions.]]></description>
<image><![CDATA[http://english.ntdtv.com/files/Content/20120511-WN_Drug-Dispensing-Robot-Introduced-at-Israeli-Hospital.jpg]]></image>
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<category><![CDATA[Science & Technology]]></category>
<keywords><![CDATA[prescriptions,pharmaceutical drugs,futuristic robot,robot, Pharmacy]]></keywords>
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<title><![CDATA[The Scope with Amir Talai - Interview with Dr. Damon Noto]]></title>
<pubDate>Thu, 10 May 2012 13:50:09 GMT EST</pubDate>
<guid  isPermaLink="true">http://english.ntdtv.com/ntdtv_en/science_technology/2012-05-10/the-scope-with-amir-talai-interview-with-dr-damon-noto.html</guid>
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<article><![CDATA[<p>An discussion on sports injuries by Dr. Damon Noto and the recent death of NFL player Junior Seau.</p>]]></article>
<description><![CDATA[Amir Talai interviews Dr. Damon Noto about Junior Seau and CTE.]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[Simplifying Science for Everyday People in Tel Aviv]]></title>
<pubDate>Thu, 10 May 2012 09:48:19 GMT EST</pubDate>
<guid  isPermaLink="true">http://english.ntdtv.com/ntdtv_en/news_middleeast_africa/2012-05-10/simplifying-science-for-everyday-people-in-tel-aviv.html</guid>
<link>http://english.ntdtv.com/ntdtv_en/news_middleeast_africa/2012-05-10/simplifying-science-for-everyday-people-in-tel-aviv.html</link>
<article><![CDATA[<p>The scientists at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel do not stay secluded in an ivory tower.</p>
<p>One evening last week they went to 50 caf&eacute;s and bars in the city of Tel Aviv, chatting with people they ran across about scientific advances.</p>
<p>It was a fascinating scene: people who had come to have a good time with friends over drinks were crowding in every corner to listen to lectures given by scientists from the institute.</p>
<p>The scientists made an effort to use simple, everyday language, leaving their complex terminology and equations behind them.</p>
<p>At a bar called Monastery, customers were standing in the concourse or leaning on their motorbikes, not having found a place in the caf&eacute;'s balcony.</p>
<p>While there, Prof. Dan Shahar talked to people about some of the secrets of quantum theory, which details the behavior of subatomic particles and how this complex theory relates to our everyday lives.</p>
<p>At Clementine bar, customers learned about one of the wonders of creation from Dr. Karina Yaniv and Professor Eldad Tzahor.</p>
<p>They explained the process whereby a single cell &ndash; a fertilized egg &ndash; becomes a perfect embryo, and how it relates to stem cells, tissue regeneration and cancer.</p>
<p>They also talked about research to cure, or even prevent, inborn heart defects and cardiovascular diseases.</p>
<p>In Mate Lincoln Caf&eacute;, scientist Yarit Adamovich referred to this year as the 40th year since war has been declared on cancer.</p>
<p>A cancerous cell, she explained, is an egotistical cell: it disrupts all normal processes in the cell only to reach its ulterior goal&mdash;to produce more and more cells identical to itself.</p>
<p>Adamovich reviewed the research history of cancer, the disease which even now, is still largely unbeatable.</p>
<p>In a caf&eacute; whose name is its address&mdash;44 Gvirol Street, Dr. Rotem Sorek was lecturing about the second genome revolution&mdash;a genome for each person. The international project of mapping the human genome was completed in 2003 after an investment of 13 years of work and $3 billion. A second genome revolution, according to Sorek, is liable to further advance medicine by mapping the personal genome of each and every one of us.</p>
<p>Both the scientists and their listeners proved that understanding scientific phenomena which touch on our lives does not necessarily require long years of academic study; all it takes is the desire to share, and the will to listen.</p>
<p>At the end of the lectures the scientists convened for the opening of the exhibition &quot;Parallel Worlds &ndash; Now, Here, and Everywhere&quot; at the Daniel Gallery, which is being displayed through mid-May.</p>
<p>At first glance, the artworks on the walls seemed to be modern paintings, somewhat surreal. Yet, when reading the labels accompanying the works, one learns that the subjects are phenomena from unknown worlds that were seen, and then photographed, by scientific teams while they were carrying scientific experiments.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Reporter: Aviva Grunpeter</p>]]></article>
<description><![CDATA[Last week scientists at the Weizmann Institute of Science went to 50 cafés and bars in the city of Tel Aviv, chatting with people they ran across about scientific advances.]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[Galaxy S III Announced by Samsung]]></title>
<pubDate>Thu, 03 May 2012 16:11:57 GMT EST</pubDate>
<guid  isPermaLink="true">http://english.ntdtv.com/ntdtv_en/science_technology/2012-05-03/Galaxy-S-III-Announced-by-Samsung.html</guid>
<link>http://english.ntdtv.com/ntdtv_en/science_technology/2012-05-03/Galaxy-S-III-Announced-by-Samsung.html</link>
<article><![CDATA[<div>by Victor Chen</div>
<div>NTD News</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Samsung unveiled its much anticipated Galaxy S III at its Samsung Mobile Unpacked 2012 event in London today.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Streamed live through its Facebook page, Samsung showed off the successor to its successful Galaxy S II. It prominently displayed new tweaks to the Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich OS. Among those included are:</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>-Smart Stay: Uses the front-facing camera to determine if the user&rsquo;s eyes are focused on the screen, dimming the screen if not</div>
<div>-Direct Call: Uses its motion sensors to automatically call a contact if the phone is brought to the user&rsquo;s ear</div>
<div>-Smart Alert: Phone vibrates and flashes if picked up after missing a call or message</div>
<div>-S Voice: Voice recognition feature, like the iPhone&rsquo;s Siri</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>The new Galaxy S has a large 4.8-inch Super AMOLED display, twenty two percent larger than its predecessor. However, at 13.6 x 70.6 x 8.6 mm, its overall size is only nineteen percent greater than the S II.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>The S III is equipped with a 1.9MP front-facing camera and an 8MP back-facing camera, shooting 720p and 1080p video, respectively.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>LTE versions will be available in the US, Japan, and Korea, while other territories will have to settle for HSPA+. It is due out in the US this summer.</div>]]></article>
<description><![CDATA[Samsung unveiled its much anticipated Galaxy S III at its Samsung Mobile Unpacked 2012 event in London today. Streamed live through its Facebook page, Samsung showed off the successor to its successful Galaxy S II.]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[Self-Awareness, Communication and Memory in Plants]]></title>
<pubDate>Mon, 30 Apr 2012 19:52:25 GMT EST</pubDate>
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<article><![CDATA[<p>For many years people have wondered whether plants have consciousness and whether they are able to communicate with each other.<br />
<br />
Researchers from Ben Gurion University in Israel are now also examining these questions.<br />
<br />
[Dr. Omer Falik]:<br />
&ldquo;In my doctoral research I wanted to examine whether plants are self-aware. Are they able to recognize themselves and distinguish their own organs, such as the roots systems. Put in more precise scientific terminology: Is a plant capable of distinguishing itself from other organisms?&rdquo; <br />
<br />
In an experiment, the researchers planted plants with dual roots systems next to each other. <br />
<br />
In one group, the neighboring plants originated from the same mother plant, and in the other group they originated from different mother plants. <br />
<br />
The findings showed that plants avoid competing with themselves: they develop longer roots toward foreign plants, and shorter roots towards their own kind.<br />
<br />
[Professor Ariel Novoplansky]:<br />
&ldquo;Plants and other creatures help their genetic relatives&hellip; As humans we are be more inclined to help our cousin than a neighbor who isn&rsquo;t our relative. It&rsquo;s the same with plants&rdquo;.<br />
<br />
Further research conducted by Professor Ariel Novoplansky, with the support of the Israeli Academy of Science, examined communication among plants. <br />
<br />
It was found that plants transmit distress signals using their roots, and that neighboring plants not only receive these signals, but in turn pass them on to other plants. <br />
<br />
Furthermore, it was discovered that plants remember these experiences and learn from them.<br />
<br />
However, according to Professor Ariel Novoplansky, this does not necessarily mean that plants have thoughts.<br />
<br />
[Professor Ariel Novoplansky]:<br />
&ldquo;This and other research shows that plants, similar to other very simple organisms without a brain and a central or non-central nervous system, can also sense their surroundings, memorize it and remember experiences from the past which can be utilized later in the future&rdquo;.<br />
<br />
Researchers now know that the communication is carried between the roots, although further research is required to understand the communication mechanism<br />
<br />
There is no doubt that such fascinating results will lead to additional studies in this field.<br />
<br />
The research is still very preliminary, and collaboration is expected between Prof Novoplansky&rsquo;s team and other research teams around the world that specialize in bio-chemistry and genetics.<br />
<br />
Israela Yablonka, NTD Israel</p>]]></article>
<description><![CDATA[For many years people have wondered whether plants have consciousness and whether they are able to communicate with each other.]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[Why Does the Moon Show Us its Smiley Face?]]></title>
<pubDate>Mon, 30 Apr 2012 19:38:05 GMT EST</pubDate>
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<article><![CDATA[<p>Scientists had already noticed a long time ago that from Earth, we always see the moon from the same angle&mdash;with the moon showing its &quot;smiley face.&rdquo; Researchers at the Weitzman Institute say it&rsquo;s not a random phenomenon.<br />
<br />
Since ancient times, the moon has always shown us the same image we see on nights of a full moon&mdash;a face which seems to be smiling. The moon revolves around the Earth and at the same time also revolves around its axis, yet always turns its same side toward us.<br />
<br />
A team of researchers from various countries say this phenomenon is not haphazard, but has to do with the nature of the moon's structure.<br />
<br />
Prof. Oded Aharonson from Israel&rsquo;s Center of Planetary Sciences at the Weitzman Institute of Science in Rehovot, along with Prof. Peter Goldreich of the California Technological Institute, and Prof. Ram Serri of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, recently published an article in the Icarus Magazine, explaining that the side shown to us by the moon is determined by its geophysical attributes.<br />
<br />
The side of the moon that we see is where the Apolo spaceship had landed some decades ago, bringing the first man to the moon. This side was chosen for landing so that communication with Earth could be maintained. However, the other side of the moon&mdash;which for us is dark&mdash;has also been explored using unmanned satellites.<br />
<br />
The Ancient Moon Revolved at a Greater Speed <br />
<br />
The moon&rsquo;s face that&rsquo;s visible to us and the hidden side are not identical. Whereas the visible side is covered with deep craters and dark volcanic matter that gives it its characteristic &quot;smiling face,&quot; the hidden side of the moon is covered with high mountains. <br />
<br />
Today, the time the moon takes to encircle Earth is identical to its time taken for revolving around its axis&mdash;so we always see the same side.<br />
<br />
But it hasn't always been that way. Science has long known that when the moon was first created, it revolved around its axis at a far greater speed, but over time, this speed decreased. <br />
<br />
Opposing Sides Hold Different Mass Density <br />
<br />
Researchers have been asking: &ldquo;After reaching the constant speed at which the moon&rsquo;s turning today, why did it turn its smiling face towards us, and why not its other side?&rdquo;<br />
<br />
Some gave a simple claim of there being a 50% statistical probability for one or the other of the sides to face Earth. <br />
<br />
However, unsatisfied with this explanation, Prof. Aharonson and his colleagues tried to come up with another reason for the phenomenon, through studying the differences between the moon&rsquo;s two sides. <br />
<br />
Prof. Aharonson says, when looking at the moon&rsquo;s overall mass, the face turning towards Earth is actually &quot;heavier.&quot;<br />
<br />
&quot;The side of the moon facing us is lower in terms of surface, but denser, whereas on the other side the mountains are higher, but the density is lower,&quot; says Prof. Aharonson, explaining that this determines the energy level on either side of the moon.<br />
<br />
Using simulation and detailed analyses, the scientists calculated the moon&rsquo;s density and discovered that its present position is by no means random.<br />
<br />
Where Will the Toy Train Eventually Stop?<br />
<br />
In order to explain the phenomenon, Prof. Aharonson compares the moon's orbit at this present time when its motion is slowed down, to a toy train moving along a circular track containing two hills and two valleys. <br />
<br />
As the train is pushed, its speed accelerates and it succeeds in climbing both hills. <br />
<br />
However, the friction between the wheels and the rails gradually slows the train's speed. <br />
<br />
The question is, where will the train come to a full stop? <br />
<br />
&quot;What's important is the height of those hills the train must climb on, and the difference between them in height,&quot; says Prof. Aharonson.<br />
<br />
He concludes that the train would eventually stop in the valley before the last hill, which it would not be able to climb, due to the increased amount of energy needed for the effort.<br />
<br />
In a similar way, the moon has &quot;chosen&quot; to show us only its &quot;smiling&quot; face.<br />
&nbsp;<br />
By: Marlene-Aviva Grunpeter</p>]]></article>
<description><![CDATA[Since ancient times, the moon has always shown us the same image we see on nights of a full moon—a face which seems to be smiling.]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[Sea Salp Ocean Organisms Shut Down Nuclear Power Plant]]></title>
<pubDate>Fri, 27 Apr 2012 14:56:31 GMT EST</pubDate>
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<article><![CDATA[<div>Thumb-sized ocean organisms called &quot;sea salp&quot; have scored a victory over human engineering, as a multitude of the creatures forced a nuclear plant to shut down on Friday.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>The Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant, in San Luis, California, shut down its Unit 2 reactor after sea salp, a planktonic jellyfish-like creature clogged the screens of the plant&rsquo;s coolant water intake. The influx of the gelatinous animals was discovered Wednesday. Initially, plant operators reduced its functional reactor to 25% capacity.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Unit 1 had a scheduled refueling earlier in the week, and had been shut down.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Salp are tunicates about the size of a human thumb, but can be linked together as a chain. Each individual contracts, pumping water through its gelatinous, barrel-shaped body. This allows it to both move and feed on phytoplankton with its internal filters.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>&ldquo;Both biology and ocean physics have teamed up against Diablo Canyon,&rdquo; Mark Moline, a marine biology professor at Cal Poly, told the San Luis Obispo Tribune.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>The creature can reproduce very quickly, and tends to do so when phytoplankton are abundant. Sea salp generally live miles offshore, but ocean currents may have brought them to the coast.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Plant operators hope the sea salp will dissipate in a few days.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Diablo Canyon is operated by Pacific Gas &amp; Electric.</div>]]></article>
<description><![CDATA[Thumb-sized ocean organisms called "sea salp" have scored a victory over human engineering, as a multitude of the creatures forced a nuclear plant to shut down on Friday.]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[Space Shuttle Enterprise Flies Over New York]]></title>
<pubDate>Fri, 27 Apr 2012 13:53:53 GMT EST</pubDate>
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<article><![CDATA[<div>The first Space Shuttle, Enterprise, made its final flight Friday, piggybacking from Dulles International Airport to John F. Kennedy International Airport. As it heads towards the Intrepid Sea, Air and Space Museum, it took a tour of New York City, New Jersey, and Long Island, providing many in the tri-state area a spectacular sight.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Escorted by two jets, Enterprise was carried on the back of a modified Boeing 747. Those below got a view of a vestige from the retired Space Shuttle program as it soared above the NYC skyline.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Onlookers stopped in the streets, getting glimpses of the orbiter in the space between skyscrapers. Others gathered on the city&rsquo;s many roofs.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>The 747 landed at 11:23 am after flying up and down the Hudson river. &nbsp;It visited the Statue of Liberty, the Palisades, LaGuardia Airport and Westbury, among other locations.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>The Space Shuttle departed Washington DC at 9:30 am.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Space Shuttle Discovery similarly made its last flight on April 17. It circled the National Mall a few times, on its way to the Smithsonian&rsquo;s National Air and Space Museum.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Endeavour and Atlantis, the remaining two shuttles, will be moved to the California Science Center this fall and the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Center in November, respectively.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Named after the eponymous Star Trek starship, Space Shuttle Enterprise was the prototype of the Space Shuttle fleet. It began flying in 1977, but was retired at the completion of testing. It never flew in space.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>NASA debated re-enlisting the shuttle after the Challenger disaster in 1986 as a replacement, but deemed it too expensive to retrofit the prototype. Endeavour was built instead with from the spare parts of Discovery and Atlantis. It has been owned by the Smithsonian Institution since 1985.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>New York last saw the Enterprise in its skies on June 10, 1983. The shuttle was returning from the Paris Air Show.</div>]]></article>
<description><![CDATA[The first space shuttle, Enterprise, made its final flight Friday, piggybacking from Dulles International Airport to John F. Kennedy International Airport. As it heads towards the Intrepid Sea, Air and Space Museum, it took a tour of New York City...]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[Experimental Drug Offers Autism Treatment Hope]]></title>
<pubDate>Fri, 27 Apr 2012 11:51:53 GMT EST</pubDate>
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<article><![CDATA[<div>An experimental drug has raised the hope for treating autism.&nbsp;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>There is currently no cure for autism, which afflicts 1 of every 88 children. However, researchers have found a new experimental treatment effective in reducing autistic behaviors in mice.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>The study was published in <a target="_blank" href="http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/4/131/131ra51">Science and Translational Medicine&rsquo;s</a>&nbsp;April 25th issue. In it, researchers of the National Institute of Mental Health gave the experimental drug GRN-529 to mice, bred to have symptoms of autism.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Though the mice did not have autism themselves, researchers found that the drug could reduce related behaviors.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Autism is generally presented by social problems, impaired communication and repetitive motions. The treated mice showed a drop in these symptoms.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>&ldquo;These findings raise the possibility that a single targeted pharmacological intervention may alleviate multiple diagnostic behavioral symptoms of autism,&rdquo; researchers concluded.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>GRN-529 works by inhibiting the glutamate receptor mGluR5. Glutamate is often involved in many learning processes.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>As with using the drug to treat autism in humans, the preliminary findings present a bit of hope, but experts caution against premature expectations.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Dr. Uta Frith, professor of cognitive development at University College London, told the BBC, &ldquo;It will be a long time until these findings can be translated for human patients.&rdquo; Dr Frith warns against undesirable side effects; and also for putting too much pressure on researchers to develop a human application of the drug.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>]]></article>
<description><![CDATA[An experimental drug has raised the hope for treating autism.  There is currently no cure for autism, which afflicts 1 of every 88 children. However, researchers have found a new experimental treatment effective in reducing autistic behaviors in mice.]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[Asteroid Mining to be Attempted by Planetary Resources]]></title>
<pubDate>Tue, 24 Apr 2012 23:20:22 GMT EST</pubDate>
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<article><![CDATA[<p>In what may soon be considered the boldest business venture in human history, a new company will attempt to mine asteroids for resources and, meanwhile, change the course of space travel and humanity.<br />
<br />
Planetary Resources announced its plans Tuesday at the Museum of Flight in Seattle, Washington. Based in Bellvue, Washington, the company was founded by Dr. Peter Diamandis and Eric Anderson. Diamandis is best known for founding the X PRIZE Foundation, which offered a ten million dollar prize for the first privately-funded space passenger vehicle. Anderson is also a co-founder of Space Adventures, a commercial spaceflight company.<br />
<br />
Other notable people involved with the project include film director and deep-sea explorer James Cameron, Google co-founder Larry Page, Google chairman Eric Schmidt, and Ross Perot Jr., son of the former presidential candidate. They also employ former NASA engineers.<br />
<br />
The company&rsquo;s objective is to &ldquo;harness resources from passing-by asteroids.&rdquo; They plan to mine precious metals and water specifically from near-earth asteroids. The asteroid belt is not their objective. In the end, they expect to add trillions of dollars to the global GDP, while pushing humanity technologically forward.<br />
<br />
Water can be used for liquid oxygen and hydrogen, which is currently serves as fuel for space rockets. Much of exorbitant the costs for space travel comes from the need for fuel; historically, rockets must carry enough fuel to not only bring the vehicle outside of the atmosphere, but also enough fuel to compensate for the weight increase of carrying said fuel.<br />
<br />
However, as there is relatively minimal gravity in space, the energy requirements for vehicles to travel outside of Earth&rsquo;s atmosphere is significantly less. The ability to collect water and refuel in space would change the face of space travel.<br />
<br />
Diamandis mentioned that aluminum was once a rare metal with a high cost. It was all around us, but people lacked the ability to access it. However, it is now an important metal, used in much of our current technology. The group hopes to be able to do this with other rare metals, such as gold and platinum, which cost over $1600 and $1500 per ounce, respectively.<br />
<br />
Planetary Resources announced plans to build a series of spacecraft, named &ldquo;Arkyd.&rdquo; The Arkyd-100 is a low-cost prospecting vehicle, which they say already exists. As it catalogues asteroids with targeted resources, the company will develop the Arkyd-300, robots which will mine the asteroids.<br />
<br />
Not all near-earth asteroids will have usable resources, former NASA astronaut Dr. Tom Jones noted.<br />
<br />
President and Chief Engineer Chris Lewicki said he expected the space mining robots could be produced with a price range the single-digit millions, and missions in the two-digit millions. That would be significantly less than current space missions.<br />
<br />
Diamandis said that the group was aware they could fail, acknowledging it was a high risk operation. However, he believed that with their team, they would succeed.</p>]]></article>
<description><![CDATA[Planetary Resources announced plans to build a series of spacecraft, named “Arkyd.” The Arkyd-100 is a low-cost prospecting vehicle, which they say already exists.]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[Adobe CS6, Creative Cloud Released]]></title>
<pubDate>Mon, 23 Apr 2012 14:15:26 GMT EST</pubDate>
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<link>http://english.ntdtv.com/ntdtv_en/science_technology/2012-04-23/Adobe-CS6-Creative-Cloud-Released.html</link>
<article><![CDATA[<p>by Victor Chen</p>
<div>NTD Staff</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Adobe Systems released Creative Suite 6 and its new Creative Cloud were released on Monday. Pre-orders can be made now, with the product availability expected within 30 days.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Creative Suites is a professional design software suite, centered around providing imaging and video editing, web, and design tools for customers. Adobe promises significant time savings due to its new tools, updated interfaces, and other upgrades. It has also released applications ready for HTML5.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>The suite&rsquo;s most popular application is Photoshop, a popular image editing program. Adobe has released a series of videos on its <a target="_blank" href="http://www.youtube.com/user/Photoshop">Photoshop YouTube</a> channel displaying many of the new features, including a content-aware patch tool and a blur gallery.&nbsp;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Creative Cloud offers all of the CS6 applications, which can be downloaded on up to two machines, for a subscription fee. Members also have access to a few features that do not come with CS6, including Lightroom, Edge, and Muse. Customers are also given 20 GB of online storage, and can share their projects with others, with various publishing options to boot. Membership would cost $50/month for a yearly subscription, or $70/month for a month-by-month basis. Current owners of CS are offered an introductory rate of $30/month.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>CS6 has tiered pricing options. The suite comes in six packages, each holding different packages of applications: Design Standard ($1299 new), Design &amp; Web Premium ($1899), Production Premium ($1899), and Master Collection ($2599).</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Users with older suites can upgrade depending on their version; Design Standard can be upgraded from CS5.5 for $275, and CS5 for $549. Master Collection can be upgraded for $525 or $1049, the former pricing if one already owns Master Collection 5.5.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>CS4 and CS3 owners also have the option to upgrade by December 31.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Standalone applications can also be pre-ordered; Photoshop will cost $699, or can be upgraded for $199.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Students and teachers have discounted pricing options.</div>]]></article>
<description><![CDATA[Adobe Systems released Creative Suite 6 and its new Creative Cloud were released on Monday. Pre-orders can be made now, with the product availability expected within 30 days.]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA['Diet Goggles' Shrink Food]]></title>
<pubDate>Mon, 23 Apr 2012 12:14:28 GMT EST</pubDate>
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<link>http://english.ntdtv.com/ntdtv_en/science_technology/2012-04-23/-Diet-Goggles-Shrink-Food.html</link>
<article><![CDATA[<div>Victor Chen</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>As Google works to bring their Project Glass eyewear to integrate their platforms into the daily lives of users, researchers at Tokyo University are trying to use augmented reality to bring a different benefit: dieting.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Professor Michitaka Hirose and his assistants are working on what he calls &ldquo;Diet Goggles.&rdquo; The eyewear works by imaging the food a user is holding with a camera. After analyzing it, an algorithm will make food seem larger than it actually is, without altering the shape of its surroundings.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>[Professor Michitaka Hirose, University of Tokyo]:</div>
<div>&quot;First the computer must recognise the food type. After that, the aim is to reduce and enlarge the size of the portion while the hand holding it stays the same -- that's the point of our technology.&quot;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>The concept is that a person may eat less if the food looks more bountiful, or conversely, will eat more if portions seem meager.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>[Professor Michitaka Hirose, University of Tokyo]:&nbsp;</div>
<div>&quot;There's this idea that depending on whether the size of portions are big or small, the amount of food people consume changes. So we thought it would be interesting to try out the concept using computers.&quot;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>During trials, people looking at cookies scaled up to 150% of their original size ate over 10% less.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>The professor is hard at work not only tricking sight, but our other senses as well. His labs are concurrently working on the &ldquo;Meta Cookie,&rdquo; which uses scents to alter the taste of a cookie.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>[Professor Michitaka Hirose]:</div>
<div>&quot;When you experience reality, you need all of the five senses. So our vision is to create a display not only using sight and sound, but also including texture, hearing, taste, and then to integrate these five senses into the display,&quot;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Currently a bit bulky and impractical, the goggles are still in developmental infancy. They must be connected to a computer, held together by masking tape, and the technology only works on donuts and cookies. Despite the current shortcomings, those struggling to control their consumption of food may find relief from Hirose&rsquo;s technology sometime in the near future.</div>]]></article>
<description><![CDATA[As Google works to bring their Project Glass eyewear to integrate their platforms into the daily lives of users, researchers at Tokyo University are trying to use augmented reality to bring a different benefit: dieting.]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[Polar Bears Not Descendents Of Brown Bears, Study Says]]></title>
<pubDate>Fri, 20 Apr 2012 14:31:18 GMT EST</pubDate>
<guid  isPermaLink="true">http://english.ntdtv.com/ntdtv_en/science_technology/2012-04-20/Polar-Bears-Not-Descendents-Of-Brown-Bears-Study-Says.html</guid>
<link>http://english.ntdtv.com/ntdtv_en/science_technology/2012-04-20/Polar-Bears-Not-Descendents-Of-Brown-Bears-Study-Says.html</link>
<article><![CDATA[<div>Polar bears are not descended from brown bears, contrary to popular belief, a new study reports.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>A study released in this week&rsquo;s<a target="_blank" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/336/6079/344"> issue of Science</a>&nbsp;finds that the bears, instead, most likely shared a common ancestor. Their lineage is thought to have split some 600 thousand years ago.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Researchers from the Biodiversity and Climate Research Center in Frankfurt analyzed DNA of polar bears, brown bears, and black bears, finding the former two had split between 338 and 934 thousand years ago. This places the divergence during the middle Pleistocene epoch.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Scientists generally believed that polar bears had evolved rapidly, gaining their white fur and webbed feet within the last 150,000 years, or the late Pleistocene. &nbsp;That estimate was based on the analysis of mitochondrial DNA. Such DNA, however, only passes through females of a species.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>The new study analyzed 14 stretches of nuclear DNA, which comes from both parents, potentially giving a more accurate historical picture.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Fossils of their ancestors have been difficult to find, as polar bears live primarily on sea ice.</div>]]></article>
<description><![CDATA[Polar bears are not descended from brown bears, contrary to popular belief, a new study reports.]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[Three-Wheel Electric Cars Gaining Popularity across China]]></title>
<pubDate>Fri, 20 Apr 2012 07:53:46 GMT EST</pubDate>
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<link>http://english.ntdtv.com/ntdtv_en/science_technology/2012-04-20/three-wheel-electric-cars-gaining-popularity-across-china.html</link>
<article><![CDATA[<p>Small three-wheel electric cars are becoming popular in densely populated cities across China, especially Beijing.<br />
<br />
This is because owners don&rsquo;t need a license to drive an electric vehicle, or EV, as it&rsquo;s currently not classified as a car in China. And commuters can use the city&rsquo;s bike lanes to dodge the notorious traffic congestions. <br />
<br />
It&rsquo;s a convenient mode of transport for many.<br />
<br />
[Li Hongming, Teacher]:<br />
&quot;This kind of vehicle is smaller than a gas car. You don't need to sit in traffic jams. It saves time, and it doesn't need gas, which is quite expensive, so you can save money.&quot;<br />
<br />
The hooded three-wheel EV cruises at a maximum speed of about 19 miles an hour. It uses a removable battery that can be charged from a regular electrical socket at home.<br />
<br />
EV retailers say sales are booming.<br />
<br />
[Feng Luya, Shop Owner]<br />
&quot;Now each month we can sell 50 to 80 vehicles. The customers say they're really useful.&quot;<br />
<br />
The price of a three-wheel EV ranges from $600 to $1,500&mdash;making it highly affordable.<br />
<br />
Cheaper, slower-speed EVs sell faster than the high-speed models. Even the highly state-subsidized BYD E6 high-speed model still costs about $60,000. This is way above what most city dwellers can afford. <br />
<br />
In rural China, farmers prefer the larger four-wheeled EVs with a top speed of 30 miles an hour.<br />
<br />
Last year, the Shandong Shifeng Group&mdash;a manufacturer of the slow-speed four-wheel EVs&mdash;sold 70,000 in Shandong Province alone. <br />
<br />
[Lin Lianhua, Vice President, Shandong Shifeng Group]:<br />
&quot;In the city, there are subways and buses&hellip;on the farm, people rely on motorcycles and bikes&hellip;when people have to go out&hellip;riding a bicycle or motorcycle is uncomfortable and unsafe. So, they need something between a car and a bike that they can afford to buy and use.&quot;<br />
<br />
The trend is towards low-cost, slower-speed EVs although local authorities in Beijing have yet to officially approve them. <br />
<br />
Meanwhile, many fuel-conscious city commuters seem happy cruising on the slow lane.</p>]]></article>
<description><![CDATA[Small three-wheel electric cars are becoming popular in densely populated cities across China, especially Beijing.]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[Breast Cancer Actually 10 Diseases, New Study Says]]></title>
<pubDate>Thu, 19 Apr 2012 12:35:29 GMT EST</pubDate>
<guid  isPermaLink="true">http://english.ntdtv.com/ntdtv_en/science_technology/2012-04-19/breast-cancer-actually-10-disesases-new-study-says.html</guid>
<link>http://english.ntdtv.com/ntdtv_en/science_technology/2012-04-19/breast-cancer-actually-10-disesases-new-study-says.html</link>
<article><![CDATA[<div>by Victor Chen</div>
<div>NTD Staff</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>A new study published in Nature shows that breast cancer can be reclassified into ten separate diseases.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>&quot;We think this is a landmark study,&rdquo; Cancer Research UK executive Dr. Harpal Kumar told the BBC.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>By analyzing the genetic expression and structure of many tumor samples, researchers noticed distinct differences between them. This may lead to novel treatments, specifically tailored to an individual&rsquo;s needs.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>The study was conducted at the University of British Columbia. They analyzed a pool of nearly 2000 tumors, taken from women of the UK and Canada, and were able to categorize them into ten clusters, named IntClust 1 to 10.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Researchers also identified new cancer genes, and a relationship between cancer genes and cell-signaling pathways.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Specific clusters had distinct survival rates, which may help in more accurate prognoses.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Certain breast cancers are currently difficult to treat. Future research will have to examine whether cluster identification can actually produce viable new treatment methods.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Currently, breast cancer is confirmed by biopsying a sample of the potential tumor and examining it under a microscope. The new findings may change that process, where the genetic structure is examined instead.</div>]]></article>
<description><![CDATA[A new study published in Nature shows that breast cancer can be reclassified into ten separate diseases. "We think this is a landmark study,” Cancer Research UK executive Dr. Harpal Kumar told the BBC.]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[NASA's Space Observatory Captures Solar Flare Footage]]></title>
<pubDate>Tue, 17 Apr 2012 15:49:27 GMT EST</pubDate>
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<link>http://english.ntdtv.com/ntdtv_en/science_technology/2012-04-17/nasa-s-space-observatory-captures-solar-flare-footage.html</link>
<article><![CDATA[<div><em>Created on April 17,<strong> updated at </strong>11:00 am April 19.</em></div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>A solar flare made a wide arc from the eastern side of the Sun, which has been seeing a lot of activity lately. &nbsp;That's according to NASA on Monday, when the organization captured images of the spectacle with their space-based Solar Dynamics Observatory, also known as SDO. &nbsp;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Launched by NASA on February 11, 2010, the SDO is the most advanced spacecraft ever designed to study the Sun.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>NASA's video sequence shows the flare arcing away from the surface of the Sun. &nbsp;It produced a huge eruption of magnetic plasma. &nbsp;Sceintists call this a coronal mass ejection.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Despite the size of the flare, no planets were harmed. &nbsp;Well, at least not the Earth. &nbsp;Especially since this was only a moderately powerful storm, and not even the most powerful of the year.</div>
<div>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</div>
<div>Scientists have the Solar Dynamics Observatory to thank for such spectacular and close-up images. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</div>
<div>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</div>
<div>The SDO has a group of four, sophisticated telescopes which have allowed the observation and transmission of highly detailed images.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</div>
<div>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</div>
<div>The Sun is currently in an active phase of its 11 year solar weather cycle and is expected to reach its peak activity for this cycle in 2013. &nbsp;Fortunately, NASA will be there to see it. &nbsp;The SDO's mission will last five years.</div>]]></article>
<description><![CDATA[A solar flare made a wide arc from the eastern side of the Sun, which has been seeing a lot of activity lately. According to NASA on Monday, the organization captured images of the spectacle with their space-based Solar Dynamics Observatory.]]></description>
<image><![CDATA[http://english.ntdtv.com/files/Content/20120417-WP_NASAs-Space-Observatory-Captures-Solar-Flare-Footage.jpg]]></image>
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<title><![CDATA[Promising Ultrasound Treatment for Prostate Cancer: Study Published]]></title>
<pubDate>Tue, 17 Apr 2012 15:35:19 GMT EST</pubDate>
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<article><![CDATA[<div>by Victor Chen</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>A new treatment method for early-stage prostate cancer was able to kill tumors in over 90% of patients, and reduced the risk of side effects compared to current therapies.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>In a study published in <a href="http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045(12)70121-3/fulltext">The Lancet Oncology</a>&nbsp;, doctors attempted to treat cancerous prostate tumors with high-intensity, focused ultrasounds.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Compared with ultrasound treatment for prostate cancer, current methods, such as whole-gland surgery and radiation therapy, have substantial potential side effects, including urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction, and bowel toxicity.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>&ldquo;By focusing the therapy to the cancer lesion, injury to the bladder, rectum, and neurovascular bundles could be reduced,&rdquo; state the authors in the introduction.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>The results of the 41 patients involved were promising. After 12 months of ultrasound treatment, MRI scans could not detect cancer in 95% of patients, with 11% reporting erectile dysfunction, and no reported incontinence.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>In comparison, radiation therapy results in urinary leakage in 12% and impotence in 58% of those treated. Radical prostatectomy reports 35% and 58%, respectively.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Ultrasound treatment for prostate cancer is still in development. It is only available via clinical trials. The released study only published their results up to 12 months after treatment concluded. Large scale trials will need to begin, with a greater number of patients treated and a longer follow-up study.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>It is hoped that ultrasound treatment for prostate cancer can be offered within five years.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>The American Cancer Society estimates that one in six men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer during their lifetime.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>The Medical Research Council-funded study began with 42 people, but one died from an unrelated cause, and was not included in the analysis.</div>]]></article>
<description><![CDATA[A new treatment method for early-stage prostate cancer was able to kill tumors in over 90% of patients, and reduced the risk of side effects compared to current therapies.]]></description>
<image><![CDATA[http://english.ntdtv.com/files/Content/Lancet-Prostate.jpg]]></image>
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<title><![CDATA[Google's Sergey Brin: China, Facebook Threatens Internet Freedom]]></title>
<pubDate>Mon, 16 Apr 2012 17:00:09 GMT EST</pubDate>
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<link>http://english.ntdtv.com/ntdtv_en/science_technology/2012-04-16/brin-china-facebook-threatens-internet-freedom.html</link>
<article><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;by Victor Chen</p>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Web freedom is facing its greatest threat ever, Google co-founder Sergey Brin told <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2012/apr/15/web-freedom-threat-google-brin">The Guardian</a>. He believes that the principles of openness and universal access, concepts that took root at the internet&rsquo;s founding, are being risked.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>The danger comes from a combination of factors, Brin surmised. He lists the increasingly common governmental attempts at control, restrictive internet platforms of Facebook and Apple, and the entertainment industry&rsquo;s ongoing battle against piracy as having caused the environment.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Brin named China, Iran, and Saudia Arabia as some of the worst offenders of countries that routinely restrict the Internet access of its citizens. Google partially pulled out from China in 2010 over concerns related to censorship and cyber-attacks. Iran recently announced plans to build a closed internet, accessible only in-country.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Facebook and Apple, the 38-year-old billionaire notes, forces you to work within their rules, limiting inter-platform integration.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>&quot;You have to play by their rules, which are really restrictive. The kind of environment that we developed Google in, the reason that we were able to develop a search engine, is the web was so open. Once you get too many rules, that will stifle innovation.&quot;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Skeptics are likely to find Brin&rsquo;s comments about Facebook and Apple controversial, given they are two of Google&rsquo;s chief rivals.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>He also heavily criticized the entertainment industry. Film and music industry lobbyists pushed for the recent SOPA and PIPA bills in an attempt to prevent and curb piracy. However, Brin likened the concept behind said bills to be similar to what China and Iran currently employ.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>The Google co-founder also noted the United States&rsquo; role in data privacy, citing times when the government requests information from its servers.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>&quot;We do everything possible to protect the data. If we could wave a magic wand and not be subject to US law, that would be great. If we could be in some magical jurisdiction that everyone in the world trusted, that would be great &hellip; We're doing it as well as can be done.&quot;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Brin also noted the militarization of the internet. It has been speculated that China has launched cyber attacks on US sites in the past. Beijing denies involvement. He suggests that the internet should be relatively borderless, and that attempts to defend a country&rsquo;s online &ldquo;territory&rdquo; may be futile.</div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>]]></article>
<description><![CDATA[Web freedom is facing its greatest threat ever, Google co-founder Sergey Brin told the Guardian.  He believes that the principles of openness and universal access, concepts that took root at the internet’s founding, are being risked.]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[Google Project Glass Unveiled]]></title>
<pubDate>Thu, 05 Apr 2012 13:23:50 GMT EST</pubDate>
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<article><![CDATA[<p>On April 4th, Google unveiled their new &ldquo;Project Glass&rdquo;, a type of augmented Reality Eyewear. Project Glass is something like a visual version of Apple&rsquo;s Siri on the iPhone 4S.<br />
<br />
A pair of glasses projects information onto a screen in front of the user&rsquo;s right eye. It allows users to check the weather, look up directions and transportation information and even allows friends to see &ldquo;through your eyes&rdquo; via video chat.<br />
<br />
Project Glass is still in the development stage. Google&rsquo;s Project Glass team posted on Google Plus &ldquo;A group of us from Google[x] started Project Glass to build this kind of technology, one that helps you explore and share your world, putting you back in the moment. We&rsquo;re sharing this information now because we want to start a conversation and learn from your valuable input. So we took a few design photos to show what this technology could look like and created a video to demonstrate what it might enable you to do.&rdquo;</p>
<p><br />
<iframe height="315" frameborder="0" width="560" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/9c6W4CCU9M4" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></p>
<p><br />
The post also includes a video, which demonstrates possible uses for the technology. One can observe the user getting subway information, taking pictures, and video chatting through the device&mdash;all using voice commands.<br />
<br />
While some may think that the technology is overly intrusive, Google state: &ldquo;We think technology should work for you &mdash; to be there when you need it and get out of your way when you don't.&rdquo; They are asking for feedback on the project from consumers, through the <a href="https://plus.google.com/u/0/111626127367496192147/posts">Project Glass account</a> on Google Plus.</p>]]></article>
<description><![CDATA[Google Project Glass is unveiled–a pair of glasses that let users obtain real time information projected into the lens.]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[New iPad Runs Hotter than iPad 2]]></title>
<pubDate>Tue, 20 Mar 2012 18:28:37 GMT EST</pubDate>
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<article><![CDATA[<p>Since the &ldquo;New iPad&rdquo; went on sale on March 16th, some consumers have been complaining the device runs hotter than the iPad 2&mdash;especially when playing games. <a href="http://news.consumerreports.org/electronics/2012/03/our-test-finds-new-ipad-hits-116-degrees-while-running-games.html">Consumer Reports</a> carried out a test on the New iPad using thermal imaging cameras. They found the device&rsquo;s front and rear panels reached a temperature of 116 degrees Fahrenheit (46 Celsius) after 45 minutes of game play.<br />
<br />
This test was carried out with the New iPad plugged in. Consumer Reports also carried out the same test with the device unplugged and found it reached a temperature of 113 Fahrenheit (45 Celsius). The findings reveal the New iPad runs 12 degrees hotter than the iPad 2 when plugged in and 16 degrees hotter when unplugged. <br />
<strong><br />
Why Hotter?</strong><br />
<br />
The New iPad has a higher resolution display, faster processor and larger battery than the iPad 2. The &ldquo;hot spot&rdquo; on the casing was found where the processor is located. <br />
<a href="http://tweakers.net/nieuws/80769/nieuwe-ipad-wordt-vijf-graden-warmer-dan-ipad-2.html"><br />
Tweakers.net </a>also carried out tests on the New ipad. They found the casing of the new machine roughly 10 degrees hotter than the iPad 2. Tweakers said that the reason for the increase in temperature was down to the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). The New iPad&rsquo;s A5X chip features more cores than the A5 in the iPad 2. Tweakers called the higher temperature &ldquo;noticeable&rdquo; but &ldquo;not too hot to touch.&rdquo;<br />
<br />
NTD tried to contact Apple for a statement on the issue, but at the time of writing no spokesperson was available for comment. <br />
<strong><br />
Online Discussion</strong><br />
<br />
There has been much online discussion on the issue of the New iPad&rsquo;s temperature. Many web users don&rsquo;t seem to be bothered by the increase in temperature. <br />
<br />
One online comment read: &ldquo;Actually that's a feature. Built-in lap warmer I believe.&rdquo; <br />
<br />
Another dismissed the heat issue as a problem common to many devices: &ldquo;Not defending Apple, hot is hot&mdash;but we've had overheating portable devices long before most companies knew the definition of aesthetics, so the issue isn't exactly unique to Apple IMO.&rdquo;<br />
<br />
Some web users even got creative, claiming cooling the device down makes it charge faster&rdquo; &ldquo;My pretty new ipad is currently perched in the lettuce bin of my refrigerator. After charging to 47% in only six hours, I got creative. Within 30 minutes, we were up to 67%.&rdquo;<br />
&nbsp;</p>
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mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">Comments from <a href="http://www.dailytech.com/Some+Users+Complain+New+iPad+Gets+Too+Hot/article24261.htm">Daily Tech</a><br />
</span></span></p>]]></article>
<description><![CDATA[Since the &ldquo;New iPad&rdquo; went on sale on March 16th, some consumers have been complaining the device runs hotter than the iPad 2&mdash;especially when playing games. Consumer Reports carried out a test on the New iPad using thermal imaging cameras. They found the device&rsquo;s front and rear panels reached a temperature of 116 degrees Fahrenheit (46 Celsius) after 45 minutes of game play.  This test was carried out with the New iPad plugged in.]]></description>
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